What causes cystic fibrosis?

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. This gene controls the movement of salt and water in and out of cells. In individuals with cystic fibrosis, the CFTR gene is either missing or defective, which causes the body to produce abnormally thick and sticky mucus. This mucus builds up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs, leading to a wide range of complications including lung infections, difficulty breathing, and digestive problems.

In most cases, cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene that is inherited from both parents. Each parent must have a copy of the mutated gene in order for their child to be born with the disorder. In some cases, a person may have cystic fibrosis even if only one parent has a mutated gene. This is because the mutation can spontaneously occur in the egg or sperm before conception.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, meaning it is caused by changes in a person’s DNA. The exact cause of the mutation in the CFTR gene is not known. However, researchers believe that environmental factors, such as exposure to certain toxins or certain medications, may be contributing to an increased risk of developing the disorder.